Chapter 12 · Stem-Changing Verbs (Part 2) Section 12.2 — The Verb Ir
12.1 Changes e → i 12.2 The Verb Ir 12.3 Coming Soon

Spanish Grammar — The Verb Ir (To Go)

Section 12.2  ·  Fully irregular — all five forms start with V · voy · vas · va · vamos · van · ir a + destination · a + el = al contraction · ¡Vamos!

📖 Introduction — Section 12.2: The Verb Ir

The verb ir (to go) is completely irregular — none of its conjugated forms look anything like the infinitive. Instead of following any recognizable pattern, you must memorize all five forms. The good news: there is one easy memory anchor. Every conjugated form of ir starts with the letter V: voy, vas, va, vamos, van. The tú form vas is easy to remember because, like all tú forms, it ends in -s. This single observation makes the whole verb stick.

Ir is one of the highest-frequency verbs in Spanish. You use it to state where you are going (Voy a la oficina), to describe your daily routine (Voy al trabajo por la mañana), and in the expression ¡Vamos! to encourage action or signal departure. It also connects to an important grammar rule: when a (the preposition) is followed by el (the masculine article), they contract to al — just like de + el = del which you learned earlier.

fully irregular — memorize all four forms every form starts with V: voy / vas / va / vamos / van ir a + destination (always use a after ir) a + el = al contraction (masculine singular only) Vamos! = common expression for Let's go / Come on

⚡ The Verb Ir — All Forms Start with V

Yo
voy
I go
Voy a la oficina.
vas
You go (informal)
Tú vas al parque.
Usted / Él / Ella
va
You go / He goes
Usted va al banco.
Nosotros
vamos
We go
Vamos al trabajo.
Ustedes / Ellos / Ellas
van
You all go / They go
Van a la reunión.
Memory anchor:  The infinitive is ir but every conjugated form starts with V. Say them all: voy — vas — va — vamos — van. Five forms, five seconds. Note: vas is the tú form — the only form that adds an s, just like all other tú forms. This is completely unlike the infinitive ir — so rote memorization is the only strategy here.

🔗 The Contraction Al — a + el = al

✓ Use AL (a + el)

Voy al hospital. (a + el hospital)
Usted va al banco. (a + el banco)
Vamos al trabajo. (a + el trabajo)
Van al tercer piso. (a + el piso)
Ella va al mercado. (a + el mercado)

✗ No contraction (la / los / las)

Voy a la oficina. (la = feminine)
Usted va a la reunión. (la = feminine)
Vamos a la plaza. (la = feminine)
Van a los parques. (los = plural)
Ella va a las clases. (las = plural fem.)

The rule in one sentence:  a + el (masculine singular) always contracts to al. No other article contracts: a la, a los, a las stay as two separate words. This is the same rule as de + el = del — the only two contractions in Spanish.

📍 Vocabulary Chart: Common Destinations with Ir a

Spanish PhraseEnglish Meaningal or a la?Example
Ir al trabajo To go to work al (el trabajo) Usted va al trabajo.
Ir a la oficina To go to the office a la (la oficina) Yo voy a la oficina.
Ir al banco To go to the bank al (el banco) Nosotros vamos al banco.
Ir a la casa To go home a la (la casa) Tú vas a la casa.
Ir al hospital To go to the hospital al (el hospital) Ella va al hospital.
Ir a la reunión To go to the meeting a la (la reunión) Usted va a la reunión.
Ir al cine To go to the movies al (el cine) Tú vas al cine hoy.
Ir a la escuela To go to school a la (la escuela) Ella va a la escuela.

1. Conjugating Ir — Memorize All Five V-Forms

voy (yo) · vas (tú) · va (usted) · vamos (nosotros) · van (ustedes) · all start with V

Ir is one of the most irregular verbs in Spanish. Unlike stem-changing boot verbs or -go yo verbs, ir has no connection whatsoever to its infinitive form in any conjugation. This means there is no pattern to derive — you simply memorize five forms. The memory hook is the shared V: voy, vas, va, vamos, van. The form is vas — it carries the characteristic -s ending that all tú forms have, making it easy to spot and remember. In professional conversations, va (usted form) and voy (yo form) are most frequent. Key questions: ¿A dónde vas tú? (Where are you going? — informal) and ¿A dónde va usted? (formal). The nosotros form vamos doubles as the expression ¡Vamos! (Let's go!).

Ir vs. Ir a: The verb ir alone means “to go” in a general sense. But when followed by a specific destination, you must always add the preposition a: Voy a la oficina (not “Voy la oficina”). The a is mandatory and never dropped when stating a destination.
✏️ Example Sentences — ir conjugation:
  1. Yo voy a la oficina todos los días excepto el domingo.
  2. Tú vas a la plaza después del trabajo — te veo allá.
  3. Usted va a la reunión ahora — empieza en cinco minutos.
  4. Nosotros vamos a la plaza central después del almuerzo.
  5. Ustedes van a la biblioteca para estudiar el proyecto juntos.
  6. ¿A dónde vas tú después de terminar el trabajo hoy?

2. Using Ir a — Going to Destinations

voy a · vas a · va a · vamos a · van a · always use a before the destination

The structure ir + a + destination is the fundamental way to say where someone is going. The preposition a is always required between the conjugated form of ir and the destination noun. This structure applies to all five forms: voy a, vas a, va a, vamos a, van a. The destination then determines whether you use al (if the next word is el) or a la / a los / a las (all other articles). Common professional destinations: al trabajo (to work), a la oficina (to the office), al banco (to the bank), a la reunión (to the meeting), al hospital (to the hospital). Informal questions with tú: ¿Vas al trabajo hoy? (Are you going to work today? — informal)

Ir a + infinitive (preview): In addition to destinations, ir a + infinitive expresses future plans: Voy a terminar el reporte (I am going to finish the report). This near-future structure is covered in Chapter 13. For now, focus on ir a + place noun.
✏️ Example Sentences — ir a + destinations:
  1. Tú vas al trabajo por la mañana — sales de casa a las siete.
  2. Usted va al trabajo por la mañana — sale de la casa a las siete.
  3. Yo voy a la casa en la tarde después de la última reunión.
  4. Nosotros vamos al banco los lunes por la mañana temprano.
  5. Ustedes van al restaurante para almorzar con los clientes.
  6. Ella va a la escuela de idiomas los martes y jueves.

3. The Contraction Al — a + el = al

a + el = al · masculine singular only · a la / a los / a las never contract · same rule as del

When the preposition a is immediately followed by the masculine singular article el, they always contract to form al. This is mandatory — you cannot say “a el hospital” in Spanish; it must be al hospital. The article el disappears into the contraction. This rule applies only to masculine singular (el): feminine la, plural los and las do not contract. You already know this principle from de + el = del (the only other contraction in Spanish). So there are exactly two contractions in all of Spanish: del and al. Both involve the article el losing its initial letter after a preposition.

Al vs. Del — the only two contractions in Spanish: de + el = del (possession / origin): El reporte del jefe. a + el = al (destination / direction): Voy al banco. Both involve el masculine singular article. All other article combinations with de and a remain as two separate words: de la, de los, de las, a la, a los, a las.
✏️ Example Sentences — al contraction:
  1. Tú vas al hospital — la cita médica es a las diez.
  2. Usted va al hospital — la cita médica es a las diez.
  3. Yo voy al mercado los domingos con mi familia.
  4. Nosotros vamos al tercer piso — la sala de conferencias está ahí.
  5. Ella va a la recepción — recepción is feminine, so no contraction.
  6. Ellos van a los parques nacionales durante las vacaciones.

4. Common Destinations — Daily Routine with Ir

trabajo · oficina · banco · casa · escuela · hospital · restaurante · reunión

Using ir with common destinations allows you to describe your daily schedule fully. Professional destinations typically use al because many are masculine: al trabajo, al banco, al hospital, al restaurante, al cine, al mercado. Social and domestic destinations often use a la because many are feminine: a la oficina, a la casa, a la reunión, a la escuela, a la plaza, a la biblioteca. When you learn a new destination noun, always note its gender — that determines al vs. a la. A practical shortcut: if you can say el ___ before the place, you will use al. If you say la ___, you use a la.

✏️ Example Sentences — daily routine with ir:
  1. Tú vas al trabajo a las ocho — siempre llegas puntual.
  2. Usted va al trabajo a las ocho — siempre llega puntual.
  3. Yo voy a la oficina los lunes, miércoles y viernes.
  4. Nosotros vamos al banco los lunes para depositar los pagos.
  5. Ustedes van al restaurante para el almuerzo de negocios.
  6. Yo voy a la casa temprano hoy — tengo una cita importante.

5. La Expresión ¡Vamos! — Let's Go / Come On

vamos = we go OR let's go · used to encourage · signals time to leave · very common in the Americas

¡Vamos! is one of the most culturally important expressions in Spanish-speaking America. The same nosotros form of ir that means “we go” doubles as an exclamation meaning “Let's go!” or “Come on!” — used to encourage action, express enthusiasm, or signal that it is time to depart. Context determines whether vamos is a statement (“we are going”) or an exclamation (“let's go!”). In professional settings: ¡Vamos! La reunión empieza ahora (Let's go! The meeting starts now). In casual settings: ¡Vamos, vamos! signals urgency or enthusiasm. The form vamos is also used to soften commands: Vamos a ver (Let's see / We'll see).

Vamos a ver: The expression vamos a ver (literally “we go to see”) means “let's see” or “we'll see” and is one of the most common filler phrases in Spanish conversation. It signals that the speaker is considering something or reserving judgment. You will hear this constantly in professional and social settings.
✏️ Example Sentences — Vamos! and expressions:
  1. ¡Vamos! La reunión empieza ahora — no podemos llegar tarde.
  2. Nosotros vamos juntos al proyecto — es un trabajo de equipo.
  3. ¡Vamos! El reporte está casi listo — terminamos en diez minutos.
  4. Usted y yo vamos a la presentación — salimos a las dos.
  5. Vamos a ver si podemos terminar el proyecto antes del viernes.

📌 Key Rules — The Verb Ir at a Glance:

Shadow & Speak — Section 12.2-A

Listen to each sentence in Spanish, then repeat aloud during the countdown pause.

Sentences 1–5 drill the four conjugated forms of ir in isolation. Sentences 6–10 practice ir a + masculine destinations using the al contraction. Sentences 11–15 drill ir a + feminine destinations using a la with no contraction. Sentences 16–20 use ¡Vamos!, vamos a ver, and mixed destination questions across all four forms. Sentences 21–25 combine ir with other verbs learned in earlier chapters — salir, poder, querer, hacer — in realistic daily-routine sentences.

How to Shadow & Speak

Step 1 — V-trigger: Before repeating, identify the subject and confirm the V-form: yo → voy · tú → vas · usted → va · nosotros → vamos · ustedes → van. Say the form silently before the audio plays.

Step 2 — Al or a la? For every destination, decide before repeating: is the place masculine (al) or feminine (a la)? Pause briefly on the article to reinforce gender awareness.

Step 3 — Vamos energy: When a sentence contains ¡Vamos!, say it with genuine energy — slightly louder, slightly faster. This expression lives in its delivery. Flat repetition of ¡Vamos! does not build the natural habit.

Study Tips

The five V-forms chant: Say all five forms rapidly: voy — vas — va — vamos — van. Then add a destination: voy al trabajo — vas al banco — va a la oficina — vamos a la reunión — van al hospital. Repeat until automatic. Ten repetitions of this five-beat rhythm locks in the verb and the al/a la pattern simultaneously. Notice how vas (tú) is the only form with a final -s.

Daily routine sentence: Construct one sentence covering your morning: Yo salgo de la casa a las siete, voy al trabajo en autobús y llego a la oficina a las ocho. This combines salir (11.3), ir (12.2), and llegar into a real, usable sentence. Practice saying it naturally until fluent.

Al detector: Practice with ten places. For each, ask: “Is it el or la?” Then choose al or a la. Hospital (el) → al hospital. Plaza (la) → a la plaza. Banco (el) → al banco. Casa (la) → a la casa. Mercado (el) → al mercado. Biblioteca (la) → a la biblioteca. Cine (el) → al cine. Escuela (la) → a la escuela. Trabajo (el) → al trabajo. Oficina (la) → a la oficina.

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Quiz — Section 12.2-B

Choose the correct answer. 20 questions drawn randomly from a pool of 30.

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