Section 8.1 — Master -er and -ir verb conjugation for everyday communication.
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Section 8.1 · Conjugation patterns · Common verbs · Comparisons · Vocabulary chart
To conjugate an -er verb, remove the -er ending and add the correct ending for each subject pronoun.
| Subject | Ending | Example: comer (to eat) | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | -o | Yo como un sándwich. | I eat a sandwich. |
| Usted / Él / Ella | -e | Ella come en casa. | She eats at home. |
| Nosotros | -emos | Nosotros comemos juntos. | We eat together. |
| Ustedes / Ellos / Ellas | -en | Ellos comen tarde. | They eat late. |
The -ir endings are almost identical to -er — the only difference is the nosotros form, which uses -imos instead of -emos.
| Subject | Ending | Example: vivir (to live) | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yo | -o | Yo vivo en la ciudad. | I live in the city. |
| Usted / Él / Ella | -e | Él vive cerca del trabajo. | He lives near work. |
| Nosotros | -imos | Nosotros vivimos aquí. | We live here. |
| Ustedes / Ellos / Ellas | -en | Ellas viven juntas. | They live together. |
Use these verbs at restaurants, social gatherings, and in everyday conversation about food and drink.
| Spanish | English Translation | Grammar Note |
|---|---|---|
| Yo como un sándwich en la tarde. | I eat a sandwich in the afternoon. | Yo + -o |
| Usted bebe agua con gas. | You drink sparkling water. | Usted + -e |
| Nosotros comemos en la plaza central. | We eat at the main plaza. | Nosotros + -emos |
| Ustedes beben café caliente. | You all drink hot coffee. | Ustedes + -en |
| ¿Qué come usted hoy? | What are you eating today? | Question: Usted + -e |
These verbs are essential for giving personal information and completing everyday tasks at school or the office.
| Spanish | English Translation | Grammar Note |
|---|---|---|
| Yo vivo en una casa blanca. | I live in a white house. | Yo + -o |
| Usted escribe el reporte semanal. | You write the weekly report. | Usted + -e |
| Nosotros vivimos en esta ciudad. | We live in this city. | Nosotros + -imos |
| Ellas escriben correos electrónicos. | They write emails. | Ellas + -en |
| ¿Dónde vive usted? | Where do you live? | Question: Usted + -e |
These six verbs appear frequently in work, school, and daily life situations. Study their infinitives and one example each.
| Spanish Verb | English Meaning | Usage Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aprender | To learn | Usted aprende español rápido. | You learn Spanish fast. |
| Leer | To read | Yo leo el periódico. | I read the newspaper. |
| Vender | To sell | Ellos venden frutas. | They sell fruits. |
| Abrir | To open | Usted abre la puerta. | You open the door. |
| Asistir | To attend | Nosotros asistimos a la reunión. | We attend the meeting. |
| Recibir | To receive | Usted recibe un mensaje. | You receive a message. |
15 sentences with -er and -ir verbs • Level A2
🔀 Put the sentences in order | -Er & -Ir in Context | Level A2
Listen · Repeat · Practice — 30 sentences with -er and -ir verbs in natural context
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A2 Spanish · -Er & -Ir Conjugation
A2 Spanish · 15 -Er & -Ir Sentences
A2 Spanish · 15 -Er & -Ir Sentences
A2 Spanish · 30 -Er & -Ir Sentences
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